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Product Spotlight
Rigaku NEX QC low cost EDXRF elemental analyzer
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Since 1951, Rigaku has been at the forefront of analytical and industrial instrumentation technology. Rigaku and its subsidiaries form a global group focused on life sciences and general purpose analytical instrumentation. With hundreds of major innovations to its credit, Rigaku and its subsidiary companies are world leaders in the fields of small molecule and protein crystallography, X-ray spectrometry and diffraction, X-ray optics, as well as semiconductor metrology. Rigaku employs over 1,100 people globally.
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NEX XT Total Sulfur Process Analyzer
Advanced X-ray Transmission / Absorption (XRT/XRA) Total Sulfur Gauge
for
Crude Oil, Marine Bunker Fuel and Blending Operations
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Rigaku's NEX XT is the next generation process gauge for high-level
total sulfur measurement (0.02% to 6% S) of crude, bunker fuel, fuel oils, and
other highly viscous hydrocarbons, including residuums. On-Line total sulfur gauge
This versatile, compact and robust X-ray Transmission / Absorption (XRT / XRA) process
gauge is specifically optimized for the total sulfur analysis needs of
refineries, pipelines, blending operations, bunkering terminals and
other storage facilities. Applications for the NEX XT include bunker
fuel blending to meet MARPOL Annex VI sulfur restrictions, interface
detection of different grade fuels delivered via pipelines, refinery
feedstock blending and monitoring, and the quality monitoring of crude
at remote collection and storage facilities. Measure sulfur (S) from 200 ppm to 6 wt%
- Compact design with no routine maintenance
- Up to 1480 psig and 200°C
- User adjustable data update frequency
- Reduced standards requirements
- No sample condition or recovery system
- No radioisotopes
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Analytical Applications for XRT / XRA Sulfur Gauge
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Pipelines, Upgrading Facilities and Refineries
This versatile, compact and robust X-Ray Transmission (XRT) process gauge was specifically optimized for the total sulfur analysis needs of refineries, pipelines, blending operations, heavy oil upgrading, bunkering terminals and other storage facilities.
Applications include bunker fuel blending to meet MARPOL Annex VI sulfur restrictions, interface detection of different grade fuels delivered via pipelines, refinery feedstock blending and monitoring, and the quality monitoring of crude at remote collection and storage facilities.
MARPOL Regulations
IMO ship pollution rules are contained in the "International Convention on the Prevention of Pollution from Ships", known as MARPOL 73/78. On 27 September 1997, the MARPOL Convention was amended by the "1997 Protocol," which includes Annex VI titled "Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships". MARPOL Annex VI sets limits on NOx and SOx emissions from ship exhausts and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances. The Rigaku NEX XT is the perfect tool to assay marine bunker fuels for blending to meet emissions regulation compliance.
3rd Generation Technology
The new Rigaku NEX XT system is faster, more sensitive and far more compact than competitive systems and provides continuous, reliable detection of sulfur at pressures up to 1480 psig and 200ºC. Rigaku NEX XT can operate as a stand-alone analyzer or provide real time closed loop control when tied into a blending or plant wide automation system.
Among its other key features are a simplified user interface, reduced standards requirement, automatic density compensation, automatic water compensation, password protection, and standard platform for communicating sulfur, density, and water content to a plant-wide DCS. Due to its unique design and robust construction, sample conditioning and recovery systems are typically not required.  | |
X-ray Transmission / Absorption (XRT / XRA) Method
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X-ray Transmission (XRT) gauging has long been an accepted technique for the measurement of total sulfur (S) in heavy hydrocarbon process streams. Whether used for pipeline switching, crude oil blending or to assay or blend marine and bunker fuels, the Rigaku NEX XT XRT process analyzer is well suited to rigorous process environments, with pressures up to 1480 psig and temperature up to 200°C. X-ray transmission gauging involves measuring the attenuation of a monochromatic X-ray beam at a specific energy (21 keV) that is specific to sulfur (S). In practice, a process stream passes through a flowcell where sulfur (S), in the hydrocarbon matrix, absorbs X-rays transmitted between an X-ray source and detector. The recorded X-ray intensity is inversely proportional to the sulfur concentration, thus the highest sulfur levels transmit the least X-rays.
X-ray Transmission (XRT)
gauging has long been an accepted technique for the measurement of
total sulfur (S) in heavy hydrocarbon process streams. Whether used for
pipeline switching, crude oil blending or to assay or blend marine and
bunker fuels, the Rigaku NEX XT XRT process
analyzer is well suited to rigorous process environments, with pressures
up to 1480 psig and temperature up to 200°C.
XRT / XRA Technique
X-ray transmission gauging involves measuring the attenuation of a
monochromatic X-ray beam at a specific energy (21 keV) that is specific
to sulfur (S). In practice, a process stream passes through a flowcell
where sulfur (S), in the hydrocarbon matrix, absorbs X-rays transmitted
between an X-ray source and detector (see schematic at left). The
recorded X-ray intensity is inversely proportional to the sulfur
concentration, thus the highest sulfur levels transmit the least X-rays.
Transmission of X-rays through the flowcell is given by the following
equation:
T=I/Io=exp-dt[μm(1-Cs)+ μsCs]
where:
I = measured X-ray intensity (after flowcell, in photons/sec)
Io = initial X-ray intensity (before flowcell, in photons/sec)
d = density of the hydrocarbon stream
t = thickness of the flowcell path (in cm)
μm = molar absorptivity for the hydrocarbon matrix @ 21 keV (cm2/gm)
μs = molar absorptivity for sulfur @ 21 keV (cm2/gm)
Cs = weight fraction of total sulfur (% wt/wt)
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Rigaku Delivers Superior Performance Without Dangerous Radioisotopes
Globally, the petroleum industry continues to employ tens of thousands of radioisotopes in activities that range from exploration
and production to distribution. The presence of these radioisotope sources, in such vast numbers, represents a statistically
significant opportunity for theft and subsequent misuse. Governments worldwide now regard radiological terrorism, through the use
of radiological dispersive devices (RDD) - often called “dirty bombs,” to be far more likely than use of a nuclear explosive device. In
the context of the recent Deepwater Horizon Incident in the Gulf of Mexico, it is incumbent on the petroleum industry to evaluate
liability exposure relative to its radioisotope inventory. Whether protecting the customer base or corporate shareholders, technology
now exists to largely mitigate the risk associated with previous generation isotope-based technologies. Click through to read this article:
Dirty Bombs and Liability Exposure in the Petroleum Industry. Ray Fleming and Robert Tisdale. Petro Ind. News: 11(3), 2010, p.34-35. 
NEX XT Specifications
Sulfur Analysis Range
Process Conditions
- Stream pressures to 100 bar (1480 psig)
- Stream temperatures to 200ºC (392ºF)
- Flow rates up to 200 l/m (53 gal/m)
Ambient Conditions
Communications
- Sulfur results: 4 - 20 mA output
- Density results: 4 - 20 mA output
- General warning: dry contact
- General alarm: dry contact
- PROFINET or MODBUS 485
Required Inputs
- 4 - 20 mA raw density
- precision of ±0.0001 or better
Optional Inputs
- 4 - 20 mA process temperature
- for density corrected to 15ºC / 59ºF
- 4 - 20 mA water concentration
- if water correction is desired
- 4 - 20 mA flow
- 4 - 20 mA remote calibration selection
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Process Connection
- Two 1 inch 600 # ANSI flanges
Area Classifications
- Class 1 Div 1
- Class 1 Div 2
- ATEX zone 1 (pending)
- ATEX zone 2
Air Supply
- Purge
- 4.1 - 8.3 bar (60 - 120 psig) air pressure
- 115 - 225 l/m (4 - 8 scfm) rapid exchange
- Leakage compensation (application specific)
- 710 - 990 l/m (25 - 35 scfm) dry oil free air
- 6.9 - 8.3 bar (100 - 120 psig) air pressure
Power Requirements
- 115/230 Volts 2.8/1.4 Amps 47 - 63 Hz
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